Association of Time of Trauma and Visit to The Dental Clinic

Dental trauma is injury to the mouth, including teeth, lips, epoxies, lingo, and jawbones. Soft towel injuries to the mouth and dental trauma are generally veritably painful and should admit prompt treatment. It's a single centered retrospective study. Data was collected from the case record system used in private dental institutions and following parameters similar as gender, age of the children with post traumatic history. Case details were analyzed between June 2020 to January 2021 out of which 287 cases who fulfilled the addition and rejection criteria were included in the study. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, it is observed that time taken by maximum patients was more than 2 months and male children are prone to traumatic injury. Awareness on earlier dental visits with respect to dental trauma and complication of time delay should be improved among general society

Prevalence of Class I Dental Caries in Children Treated Under General Anesthesia - A Retrospective Cohort Study`

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. Microorganisms, flow and composition of saliva, type of food consumed, exposure to fluoride and preventive behaviours are the criteria for the intensity of the manifestation. Dental caries are classified into various types based on parameters such as site of caries, extent, duration, progression, tissue involvement, pathway of spread, number of teeth etc. G.V Black classified dental caries based on the type of tooth affected. Class I dental caries from G.V Blacks classification is defined as caries affecting the occlusal thirds of molars, premolars, and palatal/lingual aspect of anterior teeth. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of class I dental caries in children treated under general anaesthesia in a private dental hospital. This is a single center day retrospective study done in a hospital setting. A total of 121 patient details were collected from the hospital management system. The details of children under the age of 10 who were treated under general anaesthesia was only considered. Statistical analysis (Chi-square) was done in the latest version of SPSS software. The results showed that out of the total 121 children who were treated under general anaesthesia 42.15% of the children had class I dental caries. It was also evident that the number of three-year-old children (16.53%) who had class I dental caries were more followed by four-year-olds and two-year-olds

Effect of previous vaginal delivery on success of trial of labor in women with one previous lower segment caesarean section: a prospective study

Background: Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) has many advantages but failed trial of labor after caesarean (TOLAC) has increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of previous vaginal delivery on the success of TOLAC.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 250 women with history of one previous LSCS who underwent TOLAC. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 which included 184 women with previous LSCS and no vaginal delivery, group 2 included 66 women with previous LSCS and vaginal delivery before or after LSCS. Group 2 was further subdivided into group 2A-34 women with vaginal delivery before LSCS, group 2B-32 women with vaginal delivery after LSCS. The maternal outcome in terms of success rate of VBAC, scar dehiscence and uterine rupture was compared among the study groups. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.Results: The VBAC success rate of group 1, group 2A and group 2B was 70.7%, 70.6% and 100% respectively. The VBAC success rate of women with history of vaginal delivery after LSCS (Group 2B) was significantly higher than those with no vaginal delivery (Group 1) (p=0.001) and women with vaginal delivery before LSCS (Group 2A) (p=0.003). The VBAC success rate of women with history of vaginal delivery before LSCS was not significantly higher than that of women with previous LSCS and no vaginal delivery (p=0.99).Conclusions: History of prior VBAC is a strong positive prognostic indicator for the success of TOLAC

समुद्री कूड़े में परिवर्तन और इस से तट रेखा में होनेवाला प्रभाव - कर्णाटक तट के संदर्भ में एक अध्ययन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

कर्नाटक में मैंग्रोव पारिस्थितिकी की सुरक्षा की आवश्यकता

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Marine litter in the coastal environment of Mangalore

The continuous flow of large quantities of plastics and waste from land and sea based sources result in a gradual build up of litter in the marine and coastal environment. Plastics and other man-made objects cause serious impacts on environment, economics, safety and health. Worldwide, millions of marine mammals, birds, turtle and fish perish as a result of entanglement or ingestion of discarded debris. Marine litter spoils beaches, floats on the sea surface, drifts in the water column due to the current and is also found on the deep sea bed

Effect of HIV-1 infection on T-Cell-based and skin test detection of tuberculosis infection

RATIONALE: Two forms of the IFN-gamma release assay (IFNGRA) to detect tuberculosis infection are available, but neither has been evaluated in comparable HIV-infected and uninfected persons in a high tuberculosis incidence environment. OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of the T-SPOT.TB (Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, UK), QuantiFERON-TB Gold (Cellestis, Melbourne, Australia), and Mantoux tests to identify latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected and uninfected persons. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 160 healthy adults without active tuberculosis attending a voluntary counseling and testing center for HIV infection in Khayelitsha, a deprived urban South African community with an HIV antenatal seroprevalence of 33% and a tuberculosis incidence of 1,612 per 100,000. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred and sixty (74 HIV(+) and 86 HIV(-)) persons were enrolled. A lower proportion of Mantoux results was positive in HIV-infected subjects compared with HIV-uninfected subjects (p < 0.01). By contrast, the proportion of positive IFNGRAs was not significantly different in HIV-infected persons for the T-SPOT.TB test (52 vs. 59%; p = 0.41) or the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (43 and 46%; p = 0.89). Fair agreement between the Mantoux test (5- and 10-mm cutoffs) and the IFNGRA was seen in HIV-infected people (kappa = 0.52-0.6). By contrast, poor agreement between the Mantoux and QuantiFERON-TB Gold tests was observed in the HIV-uninfected group (kappa = 0.07-0.30, depending on the Mantoux cutoff). The pattern was similar for T-SPOT.TB (kappa = 0.18-0.24). Interpretation: IFNGRA sensitivity appears relatively unimpaired by moderately advanced HIV infection. However, agreement between the tests and with the Mantoux test varied from poor to fair. This highlights the need for prospective studies to determine which test may predict the subsequent risk of tuberculosis

Analytical Method Development and Method Validation of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole by Rp--Hplc in Tablet Dosage form

Pharmaceutical analysis deals not only with medicaments (drugs and formulations), but also with their precursors i.e. with the raw material whose degree of purity, which in turn decides the quality of medicaments. The quality of a drug is determined, after establishing its authenticity, which is carried by testing its purity and the quality of the pure substance in the drug and its formulations. A RP-HPLC method for of olaxacin and ornidazole were developed and validated in tablet dosage form as per ICH guidelines. The results are found to be complying with the acceptance criteria for each of the parameter. Shimadzu HPLC(Autochrome 3000 software with UV detector) with Cosmosil C18 –MS –II (150X 4.6MM, 5μ) Packed Column, Injection volume of 20μl is injected and eluted with the Mobile phase ( Buffer and CAN, in the ratio of 80:20) Which was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml at 308nm.The peak of ofloxacin and ornidazole was found well separated at 3.0min , 6.0min.The developed method was validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines like system suitability,accuracy,precision, linearity , specificity, limit of detection ,limit of quantitation ,ruggedness,robustness. Hence it is concluded that the assay method is found to be valid in terms of reliability, precision, accuracy and specificity and hence it is suitable for routine anaclysis as well as for stability analysis

BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE FILMS

The buccal route of administration has many advantages, including gastrointestinal bypass surgery and first pass through the liver. The mucoadhesive membrane is a retention dosage form that can release the drug directly into the biological matrix. Cheek technology has proven to be an advanced alternative to other traditional devices. The type of drug delivery system. This is a mature technology for systemic administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients [API]. In addition, due to their small size and thinness, these films improve patient compliance. Over the past decade, because it is a promising delivery alternative for multiple therapeutic categories, including peptides, vaccines and nanoparticles. Mucosal adhesions are currently explained by six theories: electronics, adsorption, wettability, diffusion, degradation and mechanics. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are suggested. Study its mechanism. This study includes an overview of the mechanisms and theories of mucosal adhesion, and introduces the most commonly used methods. The "film casting method" involves casting an aqueous solution and/or organic solvent to produce a film suitable for the application route. The determination of key properties such as mucosal adhesion strength, uniformity of active ingredient content and permeability are important research areas in the field of buccal membrane design

A rare case report of oral prednisolone dependence in a middle aged man

Dependence is an uncommon, but potentially sinister complication of corticosteroid therapy. prednisolone was the most frequently implicated corticosteroid in steroid dependence. Here we report a rare case of oral prednisolone dependence in middle aged man  who had chronic asthma